粉煤灰资源化特性及路面工程应用技术研究

在实验室对粉煤灰的各项技术参数进行了试验研究 ,揭示出粉煤灰的不同成分和形貌对其资源化特性的影响规律 ;初步完成了消除不利于粉煤灰资源化的有害成分---碳的优化实验工作 ;进行了脱炭粉煤灰混凝土配合比等方面的试验研究 ,并在路面修复工程中应用脱炭粉煤灰完成了试验路修筑工作。结果表明 ,将粉煤灰进行脱炭处理 ,应用于混凝土工程可以明显改善混凝土的工作性能 ,实际道路运营和技术性能符合路面工程的要求 ,具有重大的经济效益和环境效益     

北京市8种铺装材质温湿度变化特征

选择北京市海淀公园8种不同铺装材质的下垫面作为研究对象,对其温湿度变化特征进行了定量化的研究。每天8：00—18：00,每2h一次分别对8种铺装材质下垫面的温度、相对湿度进行同步测定,连续测定7d。结果表明：不同铺装材质白昼期间,草坪的温度最低、相对湿度最高;透水砖、混凝土、拉道大理石及有机材料的温度和相对湿度居中;沥...     

极端降雨条件下透水水泥混凝土路面削流除污试验研究

通过试验,对极端降雨条件下透水水泥混凝土路面在削减洪峰流量、径流总量以及去除污染物的效果进行研究。试验表明,在降雨历时60 min,降雨量为110,135,163 mm的情况下,透水水泥混凝土路面削减径流总量为55%~69%,削减洪峰流量为55%~63%;对SS、COD、TN、TP的去除率分别为82%~95%、58%~78%、31%~74%、59%~80%。结果表明,在极端降雨情况下,透水水泥混凝土路面在削流除污方面的效果较好,且与一般降雨条件下的除污效果相近,因此在暴雨情况下,也可产生较好的环境效益,表明其具有气候普适性,是一种良好的海绵城市建设技术。     

城市典型高架复合道路交通噪声污染模拟及防治对策

与一般城市道路相比,城市高架复合道路通行能力大、行车速度高、车辆行驶状态复杂,交通噪声污染极为突出。选取深圳市典型的高架复合道路——春风高架和爱国高架进行实地监测,同时运用SoundPLAN软件模拟其噪声污染现状与安装声屏障后的降噪效果。根据监测模拟结果,从合理进行道路规划、装设声屏障和铺设低噪声路面等方面提出高架复合道路噪声污染控制的对策建议。     

轮胎/路面噪声的有限元分析

为了研究轮胎/路面的噪声受路面参数的影响，首先对噪声产生机理进行分析，在此基础上运用有限元模拟轮胎/路面噪声，分析影响噪声的路面参数，主要考虑孔隙率、构造深度、路面厚度和路面弹性模量对噪声的影响，结果表明：孔隙率对噪声的影响最大且存在一个最佳值；随构造深度增大降噪效果趋于稳定；路面厚度对噪声的影响也是随厚度增大而趋于稳定；路面的弹性模量对噪声几乎没有影响。     

双层多孔隙沥青路面吸音降噪有限元分析

针对单层多孔隙沥青路面容易阻塞的问题，提出双层多孔隙沥青路面结构形式，采用有限元的方法，应用空气介质和吸声结构的声一固耦合模型，通过大型商用软件ABAQUS对多孔隙沥青路面吸声结构的吸声性能进行数值仿真模拟，分析了双层多孔隙沥青路面中空隙率组合以及厚度组合下的降噪特性，据此提出适宜的双层多孔隙沥青路面结构参数，计算结果表明双层多孔隙沥青路面结构，当上层空隙率为10％，下层空隙率为25％，上层厚度为2cm，下层厚度为4cm时，吸声效果较好。结论可为双层多孔隙沥青路面的应用提供理论基础。     

Renewable biomass-derived lignin in transportation infrastructure strengthening applications

Lignin is considered as nature's most abundant aromatic polymer co-generated during papermaking and biomass fractionation. There are different types of lignins depending on the source (hardwood, softwood, annual crops, etc.) and recovery process. Recently, an emerging class of lignin products, namely sulphur-free lignins, from biomass conversion processes, solvent pulping and soda pulping, have generated interesting new applications owing to their versatility. As the renewable energy industry is expanding into developing the next generation of biofuels based on cellulosic biomass (e.g. corn stover, forest products waste, switch grass), abundant supply of sulphur-free lignin will become available as co-products for which value-added engineering applications are being sought. This paper discusses the potential for utilising lignin-containing biofuel co-products for stabilisation of geo-foundation beneath road pavements. Laboratory test results indicate that the biofuel co-products were effective in stabilising the Iowa class 10 soil (CL or A-6(8) soil classification). Utilisation of cellulosic biomass-derived lignin in transportation infrastructure strengthening applications appears to be one of the many viable answers to the profitability of the bio-based products and the bioenergy business from the perspectives of sustainable infrastructure systems.     

Modeling the Effect of Summertime Heating on Urban Runoff Temperature1

Abstract: The summertime heating of runoff in urban areas is recognized as a common and consistent urban climatological phenomenon. In this study, a simple thermal urban runoff model (TURM) is presented for the net energy flux at the impervious surfaces of urban areas to account for the heat transferred to runoff. The first step in developing TURM consists of calculating the various factors that control how urban impervious areas absorb heat and transfer it to moving water on the surface. The runoff temperature is determined based on the interactions of the physical characteristics of the impervious areas, the weather, and the heat transfer between the moving film of runoff and the impervious surface common in urban areas. Key surface and weather factors that affect runoff temperature predictions are type of impervious surface, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation before and during rain, rainfall intensity, and rainfall temperature. Runoff from pervious areas is considered separately and estimated using the Green‐Ampt Mein‐Larson rainfall excess method. Pervious runoff temperature is estimated as the rainfall temperature. Field measurements indicate that wet bulb temperature can be used as a surrogate for rainfall temperature and that runoff temperatures from sod average just 2°C higher than rainfall temperatures. Differences between measured and predicted impervious runoff temperature average approximately 2°C, indicating that TURM is a useful tool for determining runoff temperatures for typical urban areas.     

Traffic generated non-exhaust particulate emissions from concrete pavement: A mass and particle size study for two-wheelers and small cars

This study aimed to understand the non-exhaust (NE) emission of particles from wear of summer tire and concrete pavement, especially for two wheelers and small cars. A fully enclosed laboratory-scale model was fabricated to simulate road tire interaction with a facility to collect particles in different sizes. A road was cast using the M-45 concrete mixture and the centrifugal casting method. It was observed that emission of large particle non exhaust emission (LPNE) as well as PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 increased with increasing load. The LPNE was 3.5 mg tire⁻¹ km⁻¹ for a two wheeler and 6.4 mg tire⁻¹ km⁻¹ for a small car. The LPNE can lead to water pollution through water run-off from the roads. The contribution of the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was smaller compared to the LPNE particles (less than 0.1%). About 32 percent of particle mass of PM₁₀ was present below 1 μm. The number as well as mass size distribution for PM₁₀ was observed to be bi-modal with peaks at 0.3 μm and 4–5 μm. The NE emissions did not show any significant trend with change in tire pressure.     

滨州高速公路径流污染特征分析

采用现场连续取样,对长深高速滨州段路面径流排水进行监测,探讨了路面雨水径流污染物的出流规律以及各污染物之间的相关性。结果表明:高速公路路面径流有较高的污染强度,汛期开始时降雨径流中COD、SS、TP、TN和NH3-N的事件平均浓度(EMCs)分别为292,366,0.85,7.52和2.75mg/L;降雨量大、初期降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期效应显著,径流形成30min后,COD、SS、TP、TN和NH3-N的浓度降为径流初期的29.4%,35.0%,59.2%,58.7%和64.5%,降雨量小、降雨强度小的降雨事件,整个降雨过程污染物浓度没有明显的降低趋势;初期降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期以颗粒态COD为主,中等降雨强度的降雨事件,颗粒态与溶解态COD的浓度在同一水平波动;SS与COD,TP有显著的相关性,颗粒物携带污染是高速公路径流污染的重要来源之一。